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Poland: Facts & StatsDemographicsPopulation:Poland has a population of 38,482,919 (July 2009 est.). Density: 122 people/km² (urban 1105 per 1 km², rural 50 per 1 km²).Largest metropolitan and urban areas:
Welfare:In the late 1980s, Poland spent about 22 percent of its gross national product on social benefits in the form of monetary payments or services. In the first postcommunist years, social support programs for the unemployed underwent important changes. The initial postcommunist policy guaranteed unemployment benefits and retraining regardless of the reason for a person's unemployed status. Benefits were to be paid indefinitely and were based on previous pay or on the national minimum wage for those who had never worked. Benefits included old-age, disability, and survivors' pensions and compensation for work injuries, sickness, maternity, and family-related expenses.In 1991 and early 1992, a series of laws drastically reduced the coverage of the unemployment program. This reform immediately disqualified 27 percent of previous beneficiaries, and that percentage was expected to rise in ensuing years. In 1992 the Warsaw welfare office divided its benefit payments among 4,500 recipients of permanent benefits, 8,500 recipients of temporary benefits, and 25,500 recipients of housing assistance. The public assistance law entitled one person per family to permanent benefits at the official minimum subsistence level. Throughout Poland, the demand for welfare assistance grew steadily between 1990 and 1992, well beyond the financial and organizational capabilities of the state system. The shortage affected a wide range of social categories: the homeless and unemployed, AIDS victims, families of alcoholics, and the elderly. According to a 1991 study, 18 percent of Polish children lived in poverty. Thus, the postcommunist conversion of a state-sponsored and state-controlled economy reverberated strongly in the "social security" that communism had promised but very often failed to deliver in the 1980s. Education:The Polish education system is based on three-tired principle (primary, secondary and higher education). Compulsory schooling in Poland begins when children are 7-year old, although pre-school nurseries and kindergartens are available for children to enter the schooling system at an earlier stage. Compulsory schooling ends when children reach the age of 17.The post-primary education is divided into five streams:
Religion:Poland is predominantly Catholic. Nine out of every ten Poles belong to the Catholic church, and the majority - over sixty percent - attend church regularly. The Catholic church has played an important political role throughout Poland's history. The most respected person for many Poles was John Paul II, the Polish Pope (1920-2005). He was also known as a supporter of the ecumenical movement, and he played an important role in the fall of communism in Poland.There are many places in Poland that are considered holy by Christians, particularly Catholics. The most renowned is the imposing monastery of Jasna Gora in Czestochowa, where the monastery church contains the miraculous icon of the Black Madonna. The latter is the reason why many thousands of people make pilgrimages here, particularly for August 15th, the Day of the Assumption of St Mary. Among other pilgrimage centers in Poland are Lichen, Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, Lagiewniki in Krakow, Swieta Lipka, Niepokalanow, Wambierzyce, and Gora Swietej Anny. Poles celebrate many holy days, such as Easter, Christmas, All Saints Day (November 1st) and Corpus Christi, and there are many folk traditions and customs connected with these days. The rest of the population consists mainly of Eastern Orthodox (about 506 000), Jehovah's Witnesses (about 220 000) and various Protestant (about 159 000, with about 76 000 in the largest Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland) religious minorities. |
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